Romania, Kingdom. The Diplomatic Passport Of Ion Antonescu, 1922

eMedals presents the 1922 diplomatic passport of Ion Antonescu, soldier, dictator, and Marshal of Romania during the Second World War.

Passport No. 100898 was issued to Antonescu on July 11, 1922, in Bucharest, Romania. It measures 92x136mm and contains 20 pages with a supernumerary page pasted inside the back cover for additional visas, and a signed photograph of Antonescu on the fourth page. It is stamped with visas for travel to numerous European countries including France, Italy, Switzerland, the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes (later Yugoslavia), Germany, Austria, Hungary, Great Britain, and Belgium.

Page 1 features the passport number with a handwritten notation identifying the passport as a “Diplomatic Passport.” Page 2 features the passport dedication in Romanian and the signature of Antonescu identifying him as the holder of the passport. Page 3 features the passport dedication in French. Page 4 features a pasted photograph of Antonescu with the official stamp of the Romanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Page 5 features the certification of the Minister of Foreign Affairs with the official stamp of the Ministry and the signature of the Minister. It is written in French as follows: “The Royal Minister of Foreign Affairs certifies that the holder of the present passport is the person represented in the photo opposite and that the signature opposite is his.” Page 6 and page 7 feature spaces to list any other persons accompanying the passport holder on their travels. Page 6 appears in Romanian and page 7 appears in French, but neither were filled in. Page 8 features the notice of delivery in Romanian. Page 9 features the notice of delivery in French with the official stamp of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the signature of the Minister. Page 10 features an Italian visa with the official stamp of the Legation of Italy in Bucharest and an unidentified signature. Page 11 features a French visa with the official stamp of the Legation of France in Romania and an additional control stamp. Page 12 features a Swiss visa with the official stamp of the Legation of Switzerland in Romania and an unidentified signature. Page 13 features a visa from the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes with the official stamp of the Legation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes in Romania. It also has a handwritten note with an unidentified signature. Page 14 features a German visa with the official stamp of the Legation of Germany in Bucharest. It also has a stamp showing travel through Salzburg and an additional control stamp. Page 15 features an Austrian visa with the official stamp of the Legation of Austria in Bucharest. It also has a stamp showing travel through Salzburg and an unidentified signature. Page 16 features a Hungarian visa with the official stamp of the Legation of Hungary in Bucharest and an unidentified signature. Page 17 features an unidentified visa with a control stamp. Page 18 features a Romanian visa for travel to England with the official stamp of the Legation of Romania in Paris and an additional control stamp. It is signed twice by the Minister. It also features a handwritten note, which is written in French as follows: “The present diplomatic visa is valid for six months. The Minister.” Page 19 features a visa for travel to and from England with an unidentified signature and a stamp showing travel through Calais. Page 20 features an English visa for travel to France with the official stamps of the British Embassy in Paris and the Legation of Romania in Paris. The is an additional stamp showing travel through Dover.

The pasted page at the back of the passport features a Romanian visa for travel to Belgium with the official stamp of the Legation of Romania in Paris and an unidentified signature, a Belgian visa with the official stamp of the Belgian Embassy in France and an unidentified signature, a Belgian visa for travel to Brussels with the stamp of the Embassy of Belgium in France, an English visa with the stamp of the British Embassy in Paris and an unidentified signature and an additional visa for travel to and from England with an unidentified signature.

Footnote:  Ion Antonescu was born in Romania in 1882. He joined the Romanian Army in 1904 as a Second Lieutenant and had achieved the rank of Staff Officer by the outbreak of the Second Balkan War in 1913. He participated in the Second Balkan War and later in the First World War before he commenced his political career in the 1920s. He was accepted into the Romanian military attaché in Paris upon his second nomination in 1922 and went on to serve in the military attachés in London and Brussels in the following year.

In the years leading up to the Second World War, Romania was embroiled in political and social turmoil characterized by economic crises and rising right-wing and anti-semitic movements. It was during this time that Antonescu made decisive moves to consolidate his power and political position in Romania. He was named Chief of the General Staff in 1934, Minister of Defence in 1937, and then leader of Romania following the abdication of King Carol II in 1940.

Upon assuming leadership of Romania, Antonescu formed a government with the Iron Guard, a staunchly nationalist, right-wing, anti-communist and anti-semitic political party with whom he had ties dating back to the previous decade. He would go on to align the nation with the Axis powers and would position Romania as one of the closest allies of Nazi Germany in the Second World War.

Following the end of the Second World War, Antonescu was tried in Romania for war crimes. He was found guilty and was executed on June 1, 1946.